Dark, halftime and uptempo (i.e. 138-142 BPM). Characterized by sub-bass wobble bass
lines (created by modulating the filter cutoff and envelope attack) juxtaposed against
drum patterns that include a straight ahead kick drum pattern frequently syncopated
in turnarounds. Build ups and breakdowns are common. Mostly instrumental, though sinjaying,
rapping and R&B-style singing occasionally show up. Originated in South London in
the late 1990s. Highly influenced by 2-step and dub reggae, with lesser influence
from other genres such as jungle, broken beat, and grime. Standout artists include
Burial and Kode 9.
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