Western music from approximately 500 to 1400. Medieval music ranges from monophonic
chants to highly complex and layered rhythmical and melodic concoctions. Early Medieval
music was learned by ear, but it was in the Medieval era that musical notation made
significant developments, first in showing general melodic direction, and later, by
way of the innovation of the musical staff, the ability to show more exact musical
pitch intervals and the subsequent capability of non-oral transmission of melodies.
Rhythmic notation began to develop in the Medieval era as well, opening up new musical
possibilities which composers gladly exploited.
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